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-
- AVT Modes
-
- The star set of AFSK image transfer modes in this system are, naturally
- enough, the AVT modes.
-
- These are a set of low through high resolution image modes that currently
- absolutely define the state of the art in SSTV. These modes offer many
- advantadges, summarized against the older SSTV modes as follows:
-
- Ratings: X/No, or: Great->Good->Fair->Poor->Bad->Rotten->Dead
-
- AVT - Std - Robot - FrmSeq - FAX - LinSeq - Volker_Wrasse
- Color - B&W - Color - Color - B&W - Color - Color
-
- Formats:
- 128x128 col: X No X X No X X
- 256x240 col: X No X X No X X
- 320x200 col: X No No No No No No
- 1024x1200 B&W: No No No No X No No
-
- Image Stability
- Thru Multipath: Great Bad Bad Rotten Good Rotten Bad
- Thru Splatter: Great Rotten Rotten Rotten Good Rotten Rotten
- Thru QRN: Great Bad Rotten Bad Great Rotten Good
- Thru QRM: Great Rotten Rotten Rotten Good Rotten Rotten
- Thru Hetrodynes: Great Dead Dead Dead Great Dead Dead
- Thru Talk: Great Dead Dead Dead Great Dead Dead
- Low signal: Great Poor Dead Poor Good Dead Dead
-
- Image Quality
- Col Accuracy: Great No Fair Great No Good Good
- Col Resolution: 256k 16 256k 4096 64 4096 4096
- Pel Accuracy: Great Good Good Bad Great Rotten Good
- AutoStart: Great No Poor No Great No No
- AutoMode: Great No Poor No Great No No
-
- The AVT modes were specifically designed to deal with the problems encountered
- on the HF bands - high noise of all types, periods of fading that result in a
- complete absence of signal, talking, splatter, and so on. Like facsimile,
- AVT images are self-clocked; This means the computer system times the image
- completely, rather than relying on "sync" signals which become damaged
- under interfering signal conditions.
-
- AVT images are sent in 2 phases. First, a digital signal is sent
- that is similar to radioteletype. This signal contains information about
- the timing of the image, the resolution, and information that is crucial to
- the reliable reconstruction of color - information that is lacking in
- all other SSTV modes.
-
- After the digital "header", the image information is transmitted. If you
- listen to the signal, you will note a complete lack of "sync" pulses. In
- fact, there is no 1200 Hz information in these images at all. The entire
- transmission uses frequencies between 1500 and 2300 Hz, including the
- digital header.
-
- This can have an additional benefit, one that makes AVT mode images even
- better. You can now apply 800 hz wide filtering to the incoming signal,
- instead of the 1100 Hz (1200-2300) required for std SSTV, or the
- 1200 Hz (1100-2300) required for Robot mode SSTV. This is about a 25%
- reduction in bandwidth, and results in a comparable reduction in interfering
- signals.
-
- Now, looking at the chart above, you might think, "Well, these guys say
- AVT is so great... why should I need to filter the signal?"
-
- The answer is fairly simple. Although AVT mode images will not lose color
- tracking, pixel positioning, or line positioning information once started,
- under ANY circumstances, they are subject to one problem - when interfering
- signals become so strong that the incoming AVT video is covered up, in
- that position in the image there will be noise. Likewise, when the signal
- fades past usability. The hardware is fairly sensitive, so that signal
- fading isn't as much of a problem as it is with other equipment, but it's
- still impossible to copy an image when there is no audio coming thru.
-
- So, if you reduce the passband width of the incoming RF (prefereably) or
- audio, the types of signals that can interfere in this manner are
- reduced considerably. Signals at the standard sync frequency will no
- longer have an effect on the image. For those of you with pass band tuning
- and IF shift controls, this is easily accomplished - simply adjust the
- control until the low aduio tones in the receiver dissapear. Others may
- wish to purchase optional filters for their rigs.
-
- Narrow-band AVT Images:
- As if all of this wasn't enough, There is a provision in the system for
- narrow-bandwidth image transmission. This format reduces the signal from
- it's nominal 1500 Hz - 2300 Hz swing to one of about 1700 Hz to 2100 Hz.
- This allows you to use a 400 Hz width filter, again enhancing the ability
- of the image to get thru under lousy conditions. The control for this mode
- is in the "SET" window. When selected, Narrow bandwidth AVT is in effect.
- Please note that because of the narrow bandwidth, some degradation of the
- color accuracy may be experienced. Only 32 grey levels can be discriminated
- by the hardware with this frequency swing, so the overall accuracy does
- drop to some extent. However, since the Amiga's display hardware can
- currently only show you 4096 colors, in general images should be quite
- good. 4096 colors is equivalent to 16 grey levels per memory (red, green,
- and blue, 16*16*16=4096) and the AVT hardware, even in narrow bandwidth
- mode, is discriminating 32, for a total of 32k colors, 32*32*32=32768.
- There is no question, however, that the 64 grey level range used in the
- wide band AVT does provide better color accuracy. The best thing to do
- is to use it and get that "feel" for the two modes. Then you will be
- able to decide which mode to use, and when, by ear.
-
- Tuning AVT modes
- Again, AVT images have significant advantadges over more primitive color
- modes. If you are off frequency, AVT images do not lose their color
- accuracy; instead, they become darker or lighter. This can be "fixed"
- after the image has been received, by using the brighness and histogram
- capabilities available in the RoboSynth window.
-
- For an AVT mode to start, you should be tuned reasonably close to the
- other signal - in general, any tuning position where the other station
- sounds reasonably "normal" should be good enough. Please note however
- that the narrow-bandwidth AVT signals, though much better at getting
- thru under heavy QRM and so on, are more slightly finicky about being
- properly tuned.
-
- When tuning to another AVT signal, use the BLK control in the setttings
- window to transmit a tone at exactly the black frequency. Have the other
- station use the 'Scope to tune such that the signal causes the Scope to
- trace across exactly on the black graticule. Once this has
- been done, you may wish to do the same, if you have RIT (receive
- incremental tuning) capability - you do NOT wish to retune your transceiver
- if you do not, or your transmit frequency will change, rendering the
- careful adjustment performed by the other staion useless.
-
- These adjustments only need be performed when using SSB modes to
- communicate. FM and PM modes will not require precise tuning, as the
- received signal does not change frequency with tuning.
-
- Failure to receive the header:
- If the header is not recieved correctly, the system will not begin
- reception of the image. In general, this should not be a problem. The
- AVT system's sensitivity and discrimination as regards to the
- reception of the digital header is extremely high. 16 bit checksum
- information in the header ensures that if it is garbled, the system will
- not accept the signal - yet, the system is so accurate on header
- reception, you will find that it will be able to hear images that are
- better than 95% noise, and start them correctly!
-
- Although the AVT mode information IS in the header, this version of
- the program does not use it - that means you must sleect the mode
- manually, using the mode select buttons on the control panel.
-
- Currently, the three AVT modes are: 24, 90, and 94 second images. These
- are selected just to the right of the AVT button in the control panel.
- Select the mode (speed) first, then press AVT, then press either the
- RX or the TX button, as appropriate.
-
- Note for owners of AmMigas with "fast" memory:
- The 24 AVT mode will leave the control panel "up front" during reception
- if you have not specified the "chip" option at program startup.
- There is a small green indicator at about the top center of the control
- panel - it is unlabeled, directly above the "H" and "L" RGB display
- controls. During reception of the digital header portion of the AVT
- image, this indicator turns on (becomes bright green) when (if!) the
- system is able to successfully aquire the digital header. The information
- isn't of any particular use to you, but does let you kind of relax,
- knowing that the image is going to start when the header completes.
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